Although the prevalence of this trait in these species has not been extensively documented, approximately 13% of a population of brown spider monkeys in north central Colombia has blue irises (R. Blue irises have also been reported in the brown spider monkey (Ateles hybridus, formerly Ateles belzebuth hybridus Hernandez-Camacho and Cooper, 1976 Konstant et al., 1985) and closely related Colombian black spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi or fusciceps, subspecies rufiventris Hernandez-Camacho and Cooper, 1976 Defler et al., 2004), which inhabit evergreen, semi-deciduous, and montane seasonal forests in Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela (Mondolfi and Eisenberg, 1979 Defler et al., 2004). In Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), which are endemic to the broad-leaved deciduous and evergreen forests of Japan (Oi, 2002 Abe et al., 2005), blue or intermediate iris color has been observed at frequencies of 12 to 19% in colonies on Shodoshima and Kyushu islands (Yamagiwa, 1979 Zhang and Watanabe, 2007). In humans (Homo sapiens), the prevalence of the trait increases with latitude from 24 to 55% in European populations (Zanetti et al., 1996 Laeng et al., 2007) it has also been observed in populations with European admixture (Frudakis et al., 2007). In primates, blue iris pigmentation has been documented in four different lineages. Many of these reported cases of phenotypic convergence involve pigmentation (see Hubbard et al., 2010), notably in the color of skin (Miller et al., 2007 Gross et al., 2009), fur (Hoekstra et al., 2006 Kingsley et al., 2009 Steiner et al., 2009), or plumage (Mundy, 2005). From here, double-click blueiris.exe to start the installation process, which launches the setup wizard. Navigate to the download tab and click on Download V5, which downloads blueiris.exe.
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